Cognitivism is a framework for understanding the mind, specifically how we think and acquire knowledge. This includes thinking, memory, knowing and problem-solving. Cognitivism was born in response to the behaviorist theory. Behaviorism focuses on the stimulus-response concept where a stimulus triggers a behavioral response. Behaviors are shaped using reinforcements or punishments. Behaviorism only take into account the physical response. It doesn’t consider the inner thought process like cognitivism does. Within the cognitivism theory, learning is observed through changes in thinking. The learner within the behaviorist approach is a passive learner while the learner in the cognitivist approach is an active participant in their own learning.
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Cognitivism takes into account how information is:
- received (input)
- organized (schema)
- stored (encoding)
- retrieved (output)
References:
Mcleod, S. (2021). Cognitive Approach | Simply Psychology. Retrieved 15 May 2021, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive.html?ezoic_amp=1&ref=binfind.com%2Fweb
Bland, J., 2021. 12 Principles of Multimedia Learning. [online] Academic Outreach. Available at: <https://elearning.olemiss.edu/12-principles-of-multimedia-learning/> [Accessed 15 May 2021].
EdApp Microlearning Blog. 2021. Cognitive Learning Theory | EdApp Microlearning. [online] Available at: <https://www.edapp.com/blog/cognitive-learning-theory/#:~:text=Origin%20%26%20History%20of%20cognitive%20learning%20theory&text=Coined%20in%201936%2C%20Piaget%20developed,(Cf%20Active%20Learning%20Theory).> [Accessed 16 May 2021].
Courses.lumenlearning.com. 2021. Information Processing Theories | Educational Psychology. [online] Available at: <https://courses.lumenlearning.com/edpsy/chapter/information-processing-theories/> [Accessed 16 May 2021].
Social Sci LibreTexts. 2021. 14.4: Information Processing Theory- Memory, Encoding, and Storage. [online] Available at: <https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Early_Childhood_Education/Book%3A_Child_Growth_and_Development_(Paris_Ricardo_Rymond_and_Johnson)/14%3A_Adolescence_-_Cognitive_Development/14.04%3A_Information_Processing_Theory-_Memory_Encoding_and_Storage> [Accessed 16 May 2021].
Western Governors University. 2021. What Is Cognitive Learning?. [online] Available at: <https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-is-cognitive-learning2003.html> [Accessed 16 May 2021].